Selling A Body For Survival - 1244 Words

Selling a Body for Survival There is actually one very good reason prostitution is known as the world’s oldest profession. It is because it has helped many women survive the toughest of times. No matter what moralists and conservatives say about how evil and corrupt prostitution is, the fact remains that the practice has actually not been that bad when it comes to giving an opportunity to one poor woman to save her family as well as herself. A non-profit media co-operative, New Internationalist Magazine, presents the article, â€Å"Argument: Should prostitution be legalized?† The magazine specializes in investigative reporting on human rights, politics, social and environmental justice. It reports on the issues of world poverty and inequality†¦show more content†¦It demonstrates their arguments and their reasons for why they believe what they claim. The authors show examples from different parts of the world to support their statements. The article demonstrates the situation in India, wh ere poverty is widespread. In fact, according to the New Internationalist Magazine, in India, â€Å"68.7% of people live on less than $2 per day† and as one legally accepts individuals using their heads, hands and other body parts when earning a living, then one must also accept the case of sex workers too† (Post Datta). Moreover, the International Labor Organization, or ILO, considered â€Å"adult sex work as work in a groundbreaking 1998 report† (Post Datta). Thus, it means that adult women cannot possibly find better jobs in a poor country like India, and so they merely resort to prostitution. Besides, with the ILO approving adult sex work as already a necessary moneymaking source and a legal job, then the stigma against prostitution must have declined in the recent years. Prostitution is a very practical way for women to survive, especially those who are far away from their families or who have no one to help them financially. Prostitution somehow serves as the refuge for women who have run away from home. Ian Urbina is a reporter for The New York Times and is the author of the article, â€Å"For Runaways,

Throughout history there have been two main kinds of virtue Free Essays

Throughout history there have been two main kinds of virtue.   One is Plato’s, in which virtue is associated with attributes such as justice, wisdom, courage and moderation, and the other is Machiavelli’s, in which is associated with being the best at any given task.   Many reasons could account for this drastic change in the definition of virtue put forth by Machiavelli, but the most important would be found in a consideration of the time period in which Machiavelli lived. We will write a custom essay sample on Throughout history there have been two main kinds of virtue or any similar topic only for you Order Now    This paper will explore how and why Machiavelli’s concept of virtue came to be so different from the one Plato had originally put forth. There is ample evidence to suggest that Machiavelli was familiar with the works of Plato.   He was an avid reader of many subjects, especially those of a political nature.   He was also an admirer of Ancient Roman society and must have been exposed to many ancient authors.   There was also the fact that for all their intellectual advances in art, law, philosophy and medicine, the Renaissance Italians were indebted to the ancients.   Their practice of imitating those thinkers of ancient history led the Italians to rediscover many facts about the world, which were once only known to the ancients.   Even so, Machiavelli chose to radically change the concept of virtue to an idea that is nearly the opposite of what Plato had in mind. (Wootton xiii) The concept of virtue that Plato had in mind was most readily laid out in the Republic.   Although it is mentioned several times throughout the book, virtue generally comes to mean an attribute of the concepts already explained above.   Specifically, with regard to justice, which the Republic is most concerned with, virtue means being just.   For the citizens of a state to be virtuous, they must be just to their fellow citizens and the state itself, and for the state to be just, it must attempt to run the most virtuous state as possible. In the beginning of Book I, Socrates gets into a debate with some of his fellow citizens about the meaning of justice.  Ã‚   After Polemarchus picks up where Cepalus’s argument left off, Thrasymachus, who is getting fed up with Socrates consistently refuting the arguments of all who try, attempts to give his own definition of justice.   He demands that Socrates give his own account of justice.   But after some words, Socrates persuades Thrasymachus to put forward his concept of the virtue of justice.   The account of justice that Thrasymachus finally gives is that â€Å"justice is the advantage of the stronger.†Ã‚   It is a sort of â€Å"mite is right† argument in that whoever is ruling, and whatever they demand of their subjects must be obeyed.   If the citizens do not obey, then they are being unjust.   (Grube) The view of Thrasymachus is somewhat similar to Machiavelli’s view.   In The Prince, Machiavelli lays out his concept of virtue (which he calls virtà º) in chapter 6, which is entitled â€Å"About new kingdoms acquired with one’s own armies and one’s own skill [virtà º].†Ã‚   In the chapter, one is left with the impression that virtà º means that quality which one is endowed with when they are the best at what they are doing.   Thus a soldier is virtuous when he is successful in defeating an army, or gaining a new principality. As Machiavelli put it, â€Å"The virtuous man is the man who has those qualities that lead to success in his chosen activity.† For Machiavelli, a person need not be â€Å"good† to be virtuous.   After all, Machiavelli condoned lying, treachery, cowardness, murder, anything necessary as long as it leads to victory in the chosen field.   This idea of virtue is a far cry from that of Plato or Christianity, which had been the official religion of Italy for twelve hundred years. (Wootton) In the same chapter, Machiavelli highlights certain people who, in his opinion have been the most virtuous throughout history.   He lists, â€Å"Moses, Cyrus, Romulus, Theseus, and others like them,† to make his case.   He dismisses Moses skill because it is a skill derived from following the direct instructions of God.   But he then goes on to discuss the others because they have all â€Å"acquired existing kingdoms or founded new ones.† Machiavelli admits that, â€Å"the founders of new states have immense difficulties to overcome, and dangers beset their path, dangers they must overcome by skill and strength of purpose.†Ã‚   But as he then goes on to say, the most virtuous, â€Å"once they have overcome [the dangers], and they have begun to be idolized, having got rid of those who were jealous of their superior qualities, they are established, they are powerful, secure, honored, happy.† (Wootton) To understand why Machiavelli’s concept of virtue may have been so different from that of Plato, one need look no further than to Machiavelli himself and the time period in which he lived.   In the sixteenth century, Italy was divided into many different, competing states.   There was a near constant shift in alliances between the differing states that lead to having to be constantly aware of the possibility of danger from a neighboring state.   There was no real security in Italy; there were powerful people constantly vying for more power, and many of them willing to gain that power by any means necessary. Under this system of chaotic statehood, diplomatic officials, and military and political advisors had to constantly be alert for any new crisis that might move previously friendly states to war. (Wootton) In most of these states in Italy, torture was accepted as a legal means of obtaining confessions for crimes, or pursuing investigations into crimes.   In 1513, Machiavelli had the unfortunate circumstance of finding himself under question in regards to his supposed plotting against the Medici family, who were then in control of the new government in Florence.   He was tortured on a contraption known as a strappado.   This device is, at its simplest, a rope thrown over a high beam. The prisoner’s hands are tied behind his back and he is then lifted up several feet in the air.   If allowed to hang there for several hours or several days, he considers himself lucky.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The other way of using the strappado is to allow the prisoner to fall until his feet almost touch the ground and then pull the rope tight.   The result is generally two dislocated shoulders, and extreme pain.   Machiavelli had this happen to him six times in the same investigation.   Italy in the sixteenth century was not a pleasant place to live. (Wikipedia) Machiavelli’s political career had mostly to do with military planning.   As a civil servant, his most important achievement was in 1505-6, when, in Florence, he organized a militia to replace the mercenaries upon which Florence had traditionally relied.   He was at the same time a diplomat and responsible for traveling to several different neighboring states in attempts to keep the peace.   (Wootton) In 1494, Italy was invaded and continued to be invaded on and off throughout the rest of Machiavelli’s life. And as diplomat and war advisor, his job was to find alliances in any way possible.   This is the reason Machiavelli thought it so important not for a ruler to live his life by principle, but powerfully. The Prince is an example of the way a tyrant would hold on to power.   In modern day democratic theory, some people would argue that the need for all information to be made available to the public is necessary for the public to be able to decide which path in a particular situation the state should follow.   According to The Prince the people should have no say in the direction of government and should never influence the rulers thinking, unless it would add to the ruler’s virtue. When considering the age in which Machiavelli lived and the events and responsibilities he had in life, it is easy to understand why he would view virtue so radically different than Plato.   When Machiavelli was so involved with the planning stages of military strategy, doing his best to not have Florence invaded by a hostile power, it may have been necessary to do and say things he knew were lies.   And being in an environment like that, and trying to be good at what he was doing, led Machiavelli to develop a concept of virtue that was completely distinct. Works Cited Grube, G.M.A., ed. Republic. 1st ed. Indianapolis: Hackett, 1992. â€Å"Strappado.† Wikipedia. 08 Apr. 2006 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strappado. Wootton, David, ed. The Prince. 1st ed. Indianapolis : Hackett, 1995. How to cite Throughout history there have been two main kinds of virtue, Essay examples

Australian Visa System

Question: Describe about the Australia Visa System. Answer: In the given case scenario, Andrew is a permanent citizen of New Zealand and according to the bilateral agreement between Australia and New Zealand; citizens of the latter may enter into Australia and hold a Special Category Visa (SCV). SCV is not a permanent visa but it allows such citizens to live and work in Australia indefinitely. Andrew will be able to sponsor the visa of Stephen. Andrew may apply for a Partner Visa (Subclasses 820 and 801). This temporary visa allows a person to live in Australia who is a partner or a de facto partner of an eligible New Zealand citizen[1]. As pointed out above, Stephen will have to apply for a Partner Visa of Subclass 820 initially. This temporary visa allows a person to live in Australia who is a de facto partner of an eligible New Zealand citizen[2]. De facto relationship has been defined under section 4AA of the Family Law Act 1975 and states that the persons of the same or opposite sex had a relationship as a couple living together on a genuine domestic basis. In the given case, both Andrew and Stephen had a relationship for the last 10 months of which they lived together for 7 months in UK. Subclass 820 visa is the first step towards obtaining a permanent Partner Visa of Subclass 801[3]. An application for the above visa has to be filed online through the portal of Department of Immigration and Border Protection. The people involved must have a relationship of 12 months prior to the application. However, if the couple is able to demonstrate their seriousness such as dependent children, the visa may be granted. Ste phen has a dependent cousin Alfred and this may be considered for granting the visa. In case the visa is not granted at this point of time, the coupler may apply afresh after the completion of 12 months of their relationship[4]. A form related to Sponsorship for a partner to migrate to Australia has to be filed by Andrew for a Partner Visa of Stephen. A declaration has also be filed about their relationship along with the application. Two declarations are required by any of the following[5]: An Australian citizen An Australian permanent resident, or An eligible new Zealand citizen In the given scenario, Alfred cannot be included in the application made by Stephen, as he is not a dependent child. He is a relative and falls under the category of Other Family Members. A separate application has to be made by Alfred for visa purposes. He is still a minor and is dependent on Stephen and hence a statutory declaration has be given by Stephen in this regard[6]. A separate application for Alfred has to be lodged before a decision for 801 (permanent partner visa) has been given for Stephen. Therefore, it can be seen that a visa application for Alfred has to be filed separately and before a permanent visa is granted to Stephen as a de facto partner of Andrew. References Australia, Family,De Facto Relationships - Family Court Of Australia. MIGRATION ACT 1958(2016) Austlii. MIGRATION REGULATIONS 1994(2016) Austlii. Partner Visa (Subclasses 820 And 801)(2016) Border.gov.au.

The Extent to Which FDI Inflows have Influenced GDPGrowth in India

Abstract Previous studies on the impact of FDI on GDP concluded that there was no long run relationship between the two. The Granger Casual analysis provided this inference. Sirari Bohra (2011) provide a conceptual framework to explain the relationship between GDP and FDI inflows.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Extent to Which FDI Inflows have Influenced GDPGrowth in India specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Technology and knowledge transfers provide the key indications for the relationship. The pattern on annual FDI inflow as a percentage of GDP shows an exponential growth over time. Over the years, India’s FDI inflows have surpassed outflows. There were more sources of FDI inflow from the western hemisphere; however, Mauritius was the highest contributor. The services sector received more FDI inflows. Introduction According to Chaturvedi (2011, p. 528), foreign direct investment (FDI) is a form of lon g-term international capital transfer meant for productive activity coupled with the purpose of managerial control and the involvement in the management of the foreign company. Sirari Bohra (2011) refer FDI as a tool intended for economic growth by strengthening the local capital, productivity and employment. Moreover, it has an important role in the local technology advancement, optimal utilization of local manpower, trade balance, enhancing human skill as well as improving of the managerial capacities. In addition, FDI improves the local competition standards, broadens choices for the overseas market as well as creates more employment opportunities. Chaturvedi (2011, p. 532) explains that FDI has greatly influenced the achievement of economic development in developing countries.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, developing countries have benefited greatly from FDI inflows as a source of foreign financing. Inflows refer to inbound capital by foreign investors. Availability of highly skilled manpower facilitates the positive impact of FDI inflows on the economic growth (GDP) (Agrawal Khan 2011, p. 74). Hansen Rand (2005) investigated the existence of the Granger Casual nexus between FDI and GDP among selected developing countries. The analysis data was accumulated for over 30 years. The findings showed that there existed a two-way causal relationship between the ratio and the levels of GDP and FDI inflows. It was established that the FDI to GDP ratio was not affected in the long-run by the GDP. This revelation formed the bases for concluding that FDI had an impact on GDP. FDI augments the rate of investment in a host country resulting in a transitional rise in per capita income growth. Evidence on the FDI impact on GDP relates to technology and knowledge transfers (Jayachandran Seilan 2010, p. 74). This is captured in the New Growth Theory of the 1980s. Based on the computation from twenty years data, inferences showed that the FDI inflows into India have an insignificant contribution to the real GDP. Data was collected during the domestication of the open door policy. Figure 1: Conceptual Model for Relationship between FDI Inflows and GDP Growth Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Extent to Which FDI Inflows have Influenced GDPGrowth in India specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Adopted from Sirari Bohra (2011, p. 13) Literature Review Prior to 1991, India’s state administration applied strong control over industrial investment by regulating and fostering internally-driven economic progress. The approach used favoured domestic investment at the expense of foreign investors and imports (Beena et al. n.d.). The country experienced dismal development and growth. Imports were restricted through controls as well as high duties. Thus, the Indian s trategy on FDI was about reversing inflow influx. The main argument was to cushion opportunities within the local labour market from the foreign expatriates; however, economic inefficiencies were introduced in due course. Interested foreign investors were faced with bureaucratic procedures before acquiring approvals to establish businesses. These were deliberately introduced through the Industries Development and Regulation Act (1951). Foreign investment industries ended up using average technologies in production processes affecting their efficiency. This diminished foreign capital and technology causing difficulties in achieving global efficiency and production standards (Beena et al. n.d.). Due to heavy government infiltration on the financial and banking sector; there was a lot of manipulation of prices and credit allocation. Small industry players benefited a lot from loans and borrowings. Some sectors were reserved for government investment; thus, affecting competitive bidding . The government focussed on accumulating savings to fast-track local investment as explained in the Harrod-Domar growth paradigm (Beena et al. n.d.).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These affirmative approaches led to financial authoritarianism brought about by unjustified price changing as well as credit favours. Harrod-Domar model investigated relationship between natural and warranted trends of growth. Economic issues were put into perspective through short run tools economic tools. Nevertheless, the Harrod-Domar model faced strong criticism from the neo-classical economics. Endogenous growth model formed the third paradigm explaining FDI inflows relationship with GDP performance (Sahoo Mathiyazhagan 2002, p. 8). Post 1991, the industrial and economic policies were revisited with reference to the strategic approach to FDI. A liberal approach was adopted to stimulate investment as well as accelerate economic growth. Bureaucratic barriers were abolished for most sectors except for 18 industry types. Reduced barriers of entry gave room to the invigoration of the private sector. During the new dispensation, automatic approvals were awarded to FDI by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). FDI benefited from the rid-off of excess technology restrictions and royalty fees for technology transfer. Some of the Pro-FDI reforms introduced in the India’s public sector enterprises focused on enhancing autonomy, lower monopoly within the public sector as well as foster privatisation. Figure 2: A Framework on the Distribution of FDI Inflows in Manufacturing and Non-Manufacturing Sectors in India Reported in 2011 Adopted from Rao Dhar (2011, p. 55) There are hotspot areas within India perceived to have a relatively high attraction for FDI investment. Some of the hotspots have already converted the potential into opportunities. Figure 3: Relative Attractiveness of Indian States to FDI Adopted from Nunnenkamp Stracke (2008, p. 63) Figure 4: Pattern of FDI Concentration Adopted from Nunnenkamp Stracke (2008, p. 64) Analysis Nunnenkamp Stracke (2008, p. 55) observe that after the liberalisation of India’s economy, FDI rose to over US$50 bil lion in 2006, from less than US$2 billion in 1991. This implied growing expectations towards FDI inflows. Nevertheless, the concentration of FDI inflow has not been balanced across the state. Globally, India was rated as the second most attractive destination for FDI within the period between 2008 and 2010. Figure 5: Yearly (between 1990 2008) FDI Flows to India Adopted from Virmani (2009, p. 19) It is evident that the FDI inflows into India surpass the performance of the outflows. This means more investment capital is finding its way into India than the one headed to a foreign destination, particularly as from 2006. Figure 6: Annual Growth Rate (in %) Trend for India’s FDI Inflows (between 1991 and 2010) Data adopted from Ray (2012, p. 189) The FDI inflow performance in 1998-99, 1999-00, 2002-03 and 2002-03 indicate negative growth rates. However, it is interesting that at times the FDI inflow went up by more than 100 percent. This implies that FDI inflows experience boom s and troughs. Largely, the FDI inflow rate of growth was positive across the years. Figure 7: Tracking FDI Inflows within the GDP Context Data adopted from Kareem (n.d.) The GDP performance has over the time allowed a positive response to the FDI inflow in India. The exponential growth implies that there is a minimal negative relationship between GDP and FDI inflows. Sahoo Mathiyazhagan (2002, p. 2) explain that the pattern observed couples FDI inflows with export. Table 1: Cross-Sector Analysis of FDI Inflows (between 2007 and 2011) Country 2007-08 (April-March) 2008-09 (April-March) 2009-10 (April-March) 2010-11 (for April ‘10) Cumulative Inflows (April ’00 -April ‘10) Mauritius 44483 50794 49633 2528 213434 Singapore 12319 15727 11295 1933 47080 USA 4377 8002 9230 404 37593 UK 4690 3840 3094 265 26263 Netherlands 2780 3922 4283 312 20438 Japan 3336 1889 5670 1455 18350 Cyprus 3385 5983 7728 123 17900 Germany 2075 2750 2980 102 12571 Fran ce 583 2098 1437 184 7102 United Arab Emirates 1039 1133 3017 31 7054 Total FDI Inflows 98664 123025 123378 9854 526357 Adopted from Chaturvedi (2011, p. 530) Figure 8: Total FDI Inflows in Various Sectors in the Indian Economy (between 2007 and 2011) Data adopted from Chaturvedi (2011, p. 530) The diversity of sectors attracting significant FDI inflows implies that investor confidence is high across the sector spectrum. The services sector is highly attractive (accounting for a fifth of the FDI inflows). Among the significant sectors, metallurgical industries, petroleum natural gas as well as chemicals are the least attractive in terms of FDI inflows. The growth of export commodities in India has not benefited from the FDI inflows boom. Arguably, the larger quota of the FDI inflows finance services sectors, computer software and hardware as well as electronics, which are not major export commodity sources. The manufacturing sector is an export oriented sector in India. Fig ure 9: Cross-Country Analysis of FDI Inflows into India Economy (between 2007 and 2011) Country 2007-08 (April-March) 2008-09 (April-March) 2009-10 (April-March) 2010-11 (for April ‘10) Cumulative Inflows (April ’00 -April ‘10) Mauritius 44483 50794 49633 2528 213434 Singapore 12319 15727 11295 1933 47080 USA 4377 8002 9230 404 37593 UK 4690 3840 3094 265 26263 Netherlands 2780 3922 4283 312 20438 Japan 3336 1889 5670 1455 18350 Cyprus 3385 5983 7728 123 17900 Germany 2075 2750 2980 102 12571 France 583 2098 1437 184 7102 United Arab Emirates 1039 1133 3017 31 7054 Total FDI Inflows 98664 123025 123378 9854 526357 Data adopted from Chaturvedi (2011, p. 528) Figure 10: Cross Country Proportions of FDI Inflows into the Indian Economy (between 2007 and 2011) Data adopted from Chaturvedi (2011, p. 528) There is a wide diversity of countries attracted to invest in India; nevertheless, the proportion of FDI contribution differs markedly. The nations in the western hemisphere feature more compared to other parts of the world; though Mauritius leads in the individual category. Mauritius dominance in the FDI inflows to India began as early as 1995. Mauritius Offshore Companies with an interest in the motor industry in India have led to the high FDI inflows. Mauritius has a friendly attractive tax scheme for investors targeting foreign markets. The diversity of the nations indicates a wide tolerance or acceptance to India as a FDI destination. Conclusion In the pre-liberalization era of the early 1990s, India’s investment policies presented hurdles that limited FDI inflow capacity. Policy and strategic adjustments led to the invigoration of FDI inflow. A range of countries has had their foreign investments in India, particularly Mauritius. Theoretical approaches in the search for the probable explanation on the relationship between FDI and GDP showed that technology and knowledge transfers provided the key links. Th is is explained by FDI inflow patterns in the Indian States and the various economic sectors. References Agrawal, G Khan, A 2011, ‘Impact of FDI on GDP: A Comparative Study of China and India’, International Journal of Business and Management, vol. 6, no. 10, pp. 71-79, via International Journal of Business and Management. Beena, P, Bhandari, L, Bhaumik, S, Gokarn, S, Tandon, A n.d., Foreign Direct Investment in India, http://www.dfid.gov.uk/R4D/PDF/Outputs/CNEM/drc04_india.pdf. Chaturvedi, I 2011, Role of FDI in Economic Development of India: Sectoral Analysis, http://www.trikal.org/ictbm11/pdf/Globalization/D1314-done.pdf. Hansen, H Rand, J 2005, On the Causal Links between FDI and Growth in Developing Countries, http://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/63300/1/500775478.pdf. Jayachandran, G Seilan, A 2011, ‘A Causal Relationship between Trade, Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth for India’, International Research Journal of Finance and Econ omics, vol. 42, pp. 74-88, via Eurojournals. Kareem, P n.d., Foreign Direct Investment and Emerging India, http://www.apeaweb.org/confer/bus11/papers/Kareem.pdf. Nunnenkamp, P Stracke, R 2008, ‘Foreign Direct Investment In Post-Reform India: Likely To Work Wonders For Regional Development?’, Journal Of Economic Development, pp. 55-84, via JED. Rao, K Dhar, B 2011, India’s FDI Inflows: Trends Concepts, http://isid.org.in/pdf/WP1101.PDF. Sayooo, D Mathiyayazhagan, M 2002, Economic Growth in India: Does Foreign Direct Investment Inflow Matter?, http://203.200.22.249:8080/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1902/1/Economic_growth_in_India.pdf. Sirari, A Bohra, N 2011, ‘Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) In India Service Sector (A Study of Post Liberalization)’, Int. J. Eco. Res., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 10-18, via IJER. Virmani, A 2009, India’s Growth Acceleration: the Third Phase!, http://www.oecd.org/eco/productivityandlongtermgrowth/43823505.pdf. This essay on The Extent to Which FDI Inflows have Influenced GDPGrowth in India was written and submitted by user Raymond T. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Sociology of Health and Illness

Sociology of Health and Illness The sociology of health and illness studies the interaction between society and health. In particular, sociologists examine how social life impacts morbidity and mortality rates and how morbidity and mortality rates impact society. This discipline also looks at health and illness in relation to social institutions such as the family, work, school, and religion as well as the causes of disease and illness, reasons for seeking particular types of care, and patient compliance and noncompliance. Health, or lack of health, was once merely attributed to biological or natural conditions. Sociologists have demonstrated that the spread of diseases is heavily influenced by the socioeconomic status of individuals, ethnic traditions or beliefs, and other cultural factors. Where medical research might gather statistics on a disease, a sociological perspective of an illness would provide insight on what external factors caused the demographics who contracted the disease to become ill. The sociology of health and illness requires a global approach of analysis because the influence of societal factors varies throughout the world. Diseases are examined and compared based on the traditional medicine, economics, religion, and culture that is specific to each region. For example, HIV/AIDS serves as a common basis of comparison among regions. While it is extremely problematic in certain areas, in others it has affected a relatively small percentage of the population. Sociological factors can help to explain why these discrepancies exist. There are obvious differences in patterns of health and illness across societies, over time, and within particular society types. There has historically been a long-term decline in mortality within industrialized societies, and on average, life-expectancies are considerably higher in developed, rather than developing or undeveloped, societies. Patterns of global change in health care systems make it more imperative than ever to research and comprehend the sociology of health and illness. Continuous changes in the economy, therapy, technology, and insurance can affect the way individual communities view and respond to the medical care available. These rapid fluctuations cause the issue of health and illness within social life to be very dynamic in the definition. Advancing information is vital because as patterns evolve, the study of the sociology of health and illness constantly needs to be updated. The sociology of health and illness is not to be confused with medical sociology, which focuses on medical institutions such as hospitals, clinics, and physician offices as well as the interactions among physicians. Resources White, K. An Introduction to the Sociology of Health and Illness. SAGE Publishing, 2002. Conrad, P. The Sociology of Health and Illness: Critical Perspectives. Macmillan Publishers, 2008.

Talking about Vacations In English Activity

Talking about Vacations In English Activity Talking about vacations in English is of the most common topics in a classroom, and why not? Who doesnt like to take vacations? Discussing vacations provides students with the opportunity to use travel-related vocabulary, as well as a theme that all students enjoy. This conversation lesson provides a survey that students use to choose a dream vacation for their fellow students and is  sure to encourage lots of conversation. Aim Encouraging conversation about vacations to practice travel-related vocabulary. Activity Student survey followed by a choice of dream vacation based on student input. Level Intermediate to advanced Outline Introduce the topic of vacations by telling about one of your favorite vacations.Ask students to come up with different types of vacation activities and write these on the board.If necessary or helpful, review vocabulary about travel.Give each student a vacation survey and have them pair up to interview each other.Once theyve interviewed each other, have students choose a dream vacation for their partner. This exercise can be repeated numerous times with different partners.As a class, ask each student which vacation they chose for their partner and why.  As a follow-up exercise, students can write a short essay by choosing a dream vacation and explaining the choice. Vacation Survey Which sentence best describes your feelings towards vacations? Why? My idea of a good vacation is staying at home.My idea of a good vacation is to visit a number of important cities and explore the culture.My idea of a good vacation is to travel to an exotic beach in a foreign country and then relax for two weeks.My idea of a good vacation is to put on my backpack and disappear into the hills for a few weeks. Which type of travel do you think you would like the best? Why? A long road trip in the car.A twelve-hour flight to a foreign country.A train ride across the country.A luxury cruise through the Mediterranean.   How often do you take short trips (two or three days)? I take a short trip at least once a month.I take short trips a few times a year.I take a short trip once a year.I never take short trips. If you had the chance, would you ... ... take a week trip to an exciting city.... spend a week at a meditation retreat.... visit family that you havent seen for a long time.... go white water rafting for a week. Who do you prefer to take vacations with? Why?   I prefer taking vacations with my close family.I prefer taking vacations with my extended family.I prefer taking vacations by myself.I prefer taking vacations with a good friend. What type of vacation activity sounds like the most fun? Why? Lying on the beachHanging out at a nightclubVisiting a museumSkiing down a mountain   How important is eating well to you when you are on vacation? Its the most important thing!Its important, but not for every meal.A good meal is nice, but not that important.Just give me food, so I can keep going! What type of accommodations do you prefer on vacation?   Id like a luxury suite, please.  Id prefer something close to the beach.I need a clean room, but it should be economical.Id prefer a tent and my sleeping bag.   Dream Vacations Dream Vacation I: Touring the Capitals of Europe: On this two-week vacation, youll visit the capitals of Europe including Vienna, Paris, Milan, Berlin, and London. This inclusive vacation includes tickets to a concert, play or opera in each capital, as well as tours of  castles, national monuments  as well as the most important museums such as The Louvre.​Dream Vacation II: Hanging on the Beach in Hawaii: Two weeks of sun and fun on the beach on Hawaiis dream island of Maui. Youll have a deluxe room at one of Mauis finest hotels directly on the beach. This vacation includes fine dining at some of Mauis best restaurants. During your stay, you can take scuba diving lessons, go snorkeling with thousands of tropical fish, or go whale watching in the bay. Its a dream come true!Dream Vacation III: Hiking the Peruvian Andes: Do you need to get away from it all? If so, this is the vacation for you. Youll be flown into Lima, Peru and taken into the Andes for a two-week backpacking adventure of a lifetime. Weve arranged experienced local guides to accompany you on your journey into the magnificent and mystical landscape.   Dream Vacation IV: New York Party Time!: The Big Apple! Need I say more?! Youll enjoy two weeks stay in a luxury suite in Central Park. Youll need to relax because youll be out enjoying the New York nightlife until early in the morning. This all expenses paid vacation includes dinner at some of the most exclusive restaurants in New York, and on-call car service at any time. Experience New York at its finest and most exciting.

PROBABILITY Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

PROBABILITY - Coursework Example Let the probability of at least one component of B, C and D is working is given by P(BW), P(CW) and P(DW), respectively. Therefore, All tasks (A1, BW, CW, and DW) are independent tasks. Therefore, the probability that the machine completes its process from start to finish after incorporating duplicate set of components for tasks B, C and D is iii. The machine efficiency heavily depends on the first component, as the first component cannot be duplicated. Therefore, first component should be with highest possible efficiency. The probability of the component C is 10/11, which is highest among all components. Therefore, suggested improved order to achieve the highest efficiency possible for the machine is given below: All tasks (C1, BW, AW, and DW) are independent tasks. Therefore, the probability that the machine completes its process from start to finish after incorporating duplicate set of components for tasks B, A and D

Search Language and Search Engines Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Search Language and Search Engines - Essay Example The numbers and letters can lead to other similar books and locations throughout the library. Search engines are also very helpful as they are a replacement of the classic style of searching. Before search engines, research could be conducted by standard index cards. The researcher would have to look through the index cards and read the catalogues to understand and be able to locate the title. Now, search engines allow the researcher to type in a few key words. These key words enable the researcher to browse through a list of titles that pertain to the researcher’s topic. One can decide to do a basic or a guided search. These two different forms of research will assist me in my search of possible sources regarding welfare reform. Using the internet to search through publications can be challenging and lead to irrelevant and false sources. The library of congress only contains credible sources and using the guided search can help narrow down specific categories of welfare reform. For example, accessing the library of congress website and choosing to perform a guided search will bring up substantial amounts of information. The guided search will bring up topics that are newer in publication and provide more current information. To the right of the search engine screen there is a date. Choosing titles with the most current date will assist in locating current

Time by Allen Curnow and Amends Essay Example for Free

Time by Allen Curnow and Amends Essay Explore the ways in which metaphysical ideas are presented in two poems that you have studied. ‘Time’ by Allen Curnow and ‘Amends by Adrienne Rich have an important link in which they both explore the metaphysical idea between the connection of human and nature. However, the poets use different concepts to address their points. Allen Curnow uses time with concrete and abstract images of the real world. On the other hand, Adrienne Rich uses descriptions on the moon. Language indicates the distinctiveness of how words are used by the poets. In these two poems, both of the poets use a variety of language techniques to present their ideas on the notion. They both have chosen repetition and diction for their pieces of poetry. In ‘Time’, the world ‘I am’ (refers to time) is repeated throughout the poem for many times. This gives the effects of highlighting how powerful time is. Curnow wants to indicates that time is everything in our lives, everything from sound, sight, smell to feelings. We can therefore feel a deep connection between humanity and the natural world. Also, diction with word choice like ‘dust’, ‘distance’ creates an atmosphere of old-fashioned and that a long period of time has passed. ‘Repetition’ is used in ‘Amends’ with the phrase ‘as it’. It emphasizes the constant movements of the moon and its progression. We can link this to ‘Time’ as it also shows a sense of power. Also, it seems to be highlighting the fact that the moon is controlling every single existence on Earth. From this, the idea of how nature has an important impact on human’s lives is being implied. Furthermore, the use of diction is present with the verbs on motions of the moon, for example: ‘picks’, ‘licks’, and ‘flicks’. This makes the imagery more realistic and fascinating to the readers. The number of images in both the two poems is immense. Allen Curnow and Adrienne Rich also use a lot of techniques in order to indicate the vividness of the images. Two of the techniques that they have in common are personification and metaphor. In ‘Time’, Allen Curnow personifies time with pronoun ‘I’. It is effective as time is brought closer to lives with our everyday ordinary objects. The images that time was personified to be are everything in life: ‘pines’, ’mileage’, ‘morning’, ‘park’, ‘magpie’ etc. These can be usable objects or beautiful flowers and birds. ‘I, Time, call down, condense and confer. ’ once again gives a sense of power. Metaphor is used in the last stanza: ‘Am island, am sea, am father, farm, and friend’. The images that time is compared to are categorized as nature (island, sea) and human (father, friend). Consequently, it also suggests the relationship between human and nature. Personification in the poem ‘Amends’ is present through the descriptions on movements of the moon. Words like: ‘picks’, ‘licks’, ‘flicks’, ‘pours’, ‘leans’ etc. implies the gentleness of the actions. This poem is about the progress of a moving moon, traveling, looking down from the sky to care for every little thing on Earth. Therefore, the verbs personify the actions of the moon, make it seems like a kind and cautious person. Metaphor is also emphasized in the last stanza of this poem. The imagery of how the moon ‘dwells upon the eyelids of the sleepers’ suggests how the moon looks after the sleepers – reference to human beings. The connotation of ‘dwells’ is to live; ‘eyelids’ are the vulnerable and very thin skin that covers our eyes. The metaphor meaning of this phrase is to suggest that the moon will always be with us, to protect us especially when things turn hard and we become weak. This has a special link to the metaphysical idea as the moon can be a symbol of nature and here we have a special connection with humanity as the fact that mother nature will always look out for us is present using imagery in this poem. Finally, the two poets creatively succeeded in forming/structuring their poems in many unique ways. However, they have one similarity in doing that, which is the use of enjambment. In ‘Time’, enjambment is widely used in the first 4 stanzas. After each sentence, there is no punctuation, therefore the reason for this can be suggested as the poet wants the readers to keep on reading. This is a smart way to indicate how time passes. Time does not wait for anyone or anything, it keep on moving unstoppable. That might be the reason why Allen Curnow has chosen to use enjambment in this poem. Dissimilar to that, in ‘Amends’, enjambment is used throughout the whole poem. The purpose of this is also different. In this poem, Adrienne Rich uses this technique of structuring to reflect movements of the moon. She wants that as the readers read on, they also follow a cycle that the moon is moving and step by step starting to see the whole world. It is shown that we all are under the moon’s protection. In conclusion, the poets are trying to demonstrate a metaphysical idea on the connection between humanity and nature. They both have individual impact on each other. Both the poems have captivating concepts to lead us to that belief. They help us to realize that nature is closer to humans than we think it is. Nature provides us with necessity, care and protection without us perceiving to acknowledge it. Each poem has different ways of delivering that message to us. In my opinion, the metaphysical idea is much more easier to identified with the poem ‘Amends’ because the image of nature is already present by the moon and all the techniques are used by the poets appropriately. ‘Time’ is obviously a relevant choice for poems on the connection between human and nature. However its concept is much more complicated than the concept of the moon.

The Effects of Aristotelian Teleological Thought on Darwins Mechanisti

The Effects of Aristotelian Teleological Thought on Darwin's Mechanistic Views of Evolution The need to understand organisms has been a much sought goal of science since its birth as biology. History shows Aristotle and Charles Darwin as two of the most powerful biologists of all time. Aristotle's teleological method was supported widely for over 2,000 years. One scientist remarks that the Aristotelian teleology "has been the ghost, the unexplained mystery which has haunted biology through its whole history" (Ayala, 10). If Aristotle's approach has frightened biology, then Darwin, who actually nicknamed himself the "Devils Chaplain," and his idea of natural selection has virtually dissected Aristotle's ghost. While Aristotle explained biology through a plan and a purpose, Darwin debated that randomness and chaos are responsible for the organic world as we know it. Guiseppe Montalenti, an Italian geneticist and philosopher of biology, wrote that Darwin's ideas were a rebellion against thought in the Aristotelian-scholastic way (Ayala, 4). In order to understand how Darwinism can be considered a revolt against Aristotle, we must first inspect Aristotle's ideas and thoughts about biology. Aristotle used teleology to explain the harmony and final results of the earth. Teleology is the study of the purpose of nature. Aristotle believed that scientists should follow the plan adopted by mathematicians in their demonstrations of astronomy, and after weighing the phenomena presented by animals, and their several parts, follow consequently to understand the causes and the end results. Using this method, Aristotle constructed causes for body parts and processes of the human body, such as sundry types of teeth. Aristotle elucidated on this topic: "When we have ascertained the thing's existence we inquire as to its nature†¦when we know the fact we ask the reason" (Evans, 82). Despite Aristotle's frequent teleological explanations, he did warn against teleology leading to misinterpretations of facts. In a short writing on the reproduction of bees in Generation of Animals, Aristotle was troubled that there were insufficient observations on the subject, and warns that his theory is dependent on facts supporting the theory. One twentieth century biologist... ... to describe evolution teleologically. This proof, of course, is not possible, as evolution through natural selection cannot be described as goal-oriented since it happens due to previous events or transformations, not in anticipation of coming events. If we were goal-oriented, natural selection would not be supple enough to be useful in rapidly changing environments (Mayr, 43). References Aristotle. The Works of Aristotle, Encyclopedia Britannica. New York, 1952 Ayala, F.J. and Tobzharsky, T. Studies in the Philosophy of Biology. University of California Press. Berkeley and Los Angeles. 1974. Burrow, John. Editor introduction to Charles Darwin's Origin of the Species Penguin books. England, 1968. Evans, G. The Physical Philosophy of Aristotle. University of New Mexico Press. Albuquerque, 1964. Kirk, G., Raven, J. and Schofield, M. The Presocratic Philosophers. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge. 1983. Mayr, Ernst. Toward a New Philosophy of Biology. Harvard University Press. 1988. Moore, Ruth. Evolution. Time-life books. Alexandria, Virginia. 1980. Simpson, George The Meaning of Evolution. Yale University Press. New Haven and London. 1949.

Diet and Exercise Analysis Essay

Yes, my eating habits has changed between week 2 and week 4. However, I have done a little cheating. I have eaten a few foods that I was staying away from. Foods like hot dogs, french fries and pizza among other foods I did not need. These are foods that I have been staying away from for a few months now. I can honestly say, since I have been staying away from the fatty foods, I was feeling difference. Now, this pass week, I have been eating junk foods, and I can really feel the difference. I have less energy, and my body feels way it used to feel when I was always eating junk foods and fast foods. Yes†¦ good glad you noted this. It is amazing when we clean it up†¦how much better we feel and how bad we feel when we eat crappy! My phsyical physical activities has changed a little in the pass two weeks. I have been doing a little walking, I have also been getting out and getting into more activities than usual. Next week after mother’s day, my sisters and myself are planning on doing some more walking and a lttle more exercise. We are planning on doing it together. Maybe we can make it a little more fun and a little bit more exciting. This is something I am really looking forward to. The similarities and differences of my current diet to the recommendations. I do not think that there is too much of a difference. B because my diet and exercise have not been too good this pass past week. Bbecause the last two weeks have been busy and stressful. However, I can still honestly say, that my eating habits and exercise habits has changed over time. Which I do plan on starting it up again. I do plan on getting back on track wth my diet and exercise. Content and Development (6 points) Points Earned: 6/ 6 Length: 150 to 300 words Additional Comments: All key elements of the assignment are covered in a substantive way. Includes a screenshot of tracking results Describes student’s current eating habits briefly describes any changes compared to Weeks 2 and 4 Compares the similarities and differences of student’s current diet to the recommendations Briefly explains any change to student’s physical activity regimen from Week 4 Content is comprehensive, accurate, and persuasive. The summary develops a central theme or idea directed toward the appropriate audience. The summary links theory to relevant examples and uses the vocabulary of the theory correctly. Major points are stated clearly, organized logically, and supported by specific details, examples, or analysis. Introduction provides sufficient background on the topic and previews major points. Conclusion is logical, flows from the body of the summary, and reviews the major points. Readability and Style (2 points) Points Earned: 2/ 2 Paragraph transitions are present, logical, and maintain the flow throughout the paper. Additional Comments: The tone is appropriate to the content and assignment. Sentences are complete, clear, and concise. Sentences are well constructed, strong, and varied. Sentence transitions are present and maintain the flow of thought. Mechanics (2 points) Points Earned:0 / 2 Formatting is consistent with APA guidelines (including headings, title page, and reference page) and meets course-level requirements (outlined at the Center for Writing Excellence). Additional Comments: Intellectual property is recognized with in-text citations and a reference page. Rules of grammar, usage, and punctuation are followed. Spelling is correct. Total (10 points) Points Earned: 8/ 10 Mekie, I took two points for the errors you have in the paper – grammatical and APA. You are single spacing and adding a space which makes terms capitalize by themselves and is really incorrect in that you cannot do this. You had a few wrong terms in the writing which you didn’t see when you proofread the work; however, your evaluation/examination of your journey is good in terms of what you are explaining you have learned. Good work! There is a Chinese proverb I like to use when discussing diets and that is â€Å"The journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step!† It seems appropriate to the process of modifying our diets for the better. This process takes time†¦but just keep going in the right direction.

Methods of Communication Essay

Nonverbal Communication Methods Nonverbal communication consists of sharing a message in any form that does not involve words. It is present in our everyday life, and any intake of information, whether it be through sight, sound, touch, smell or taste, is considered a valid form of communication. Learning about nonverbal communication can prove to be beneficial in all aspects of your life, including relationships and public speaking as well as psychological and emotional health. Paralanguage Even when we speak, there are some elements of nonverbal communication present called paralanguage. According to Bently University, paralanguage refers to the vocal aspects of communication, such as speaking style, intonation and voice. A clear example is how something you say can change how others perceive it if you change your intonation without changing your words. Haptic Communication Haptic communication refers to the relay of information through touch, according to Saint Mary’s College Notre Dame. By using haptic communication, you can comfort a friend with a hug and a pat on the back, or hurt an enemy by physically harming him. Haptic communication tends to be more common in children before they learn to speak. It also plays a big role in sexuality and intimacy and when given without permission can be considered a form of harassment. It is recommended that you always have consent from the receiver when communication through touch. Body Language Body language is an intricate form of nonverbal communication that happens on  a daily basis and can sometimes relay more than words can. The University of Northern Iowa defines body language as having an impact on what is being portrayed not only from the type of movements but also the proximity of those movements to the receiver. For example, leaning forward in a moderate form can communicate friendly feelings, while doing so in an exaggerated form communicates hostile feelings. Body language can show your self-confidence and state of mind and is visible not only by those with whom you interact but also by onlookers around you. Communication Through Art, Music and Dance Communicating in a nonverbal way through art, music and dance is a personal form of expression that can greatly influence others’ emotions, ideas and moods. This type of communication can sometimes generate movement around it if others feel empathetic to what is being communicated. It can also invite them to join in, such as dancing in a gathering or playing instruments with friends.

Roman Fever essays

Roman Fever essays It is generally believed that sentimentality is something not to be played with. Love is like fire, play with it and you will get burnt some day. On the other hand, it is also assume that the higher the climb, the heavier the fall. More than often, the weapon you use to harm others turns back to hurt you. Long-standing friends do not mean that they are entirely sincere to each other. A person has his/her own self, own personality which always aims at victory and superiority over other people. The two women in their young age love the same man, or at least want him to marry them, a certain Delphin. But of course only one succeeds: Alida, but with a trick, with which Alida wants to crush her friend Grace because shes always a woman with a passion of winning her opponents. She writes a letter to Grace taking Delphins name, telling Grace to come out in the dark to see Delphin, of course without Delphin knowing it. The cold atmosphere at night could make Grace sick. This fever, together with her failure to meet Delphin generates Alidas complete victory, she thinks. But as it turns out later to be her entire failure. Receiving the letter supposedly written by Delphin, Grace writes back to him and they meet afterward. That is beyond Alidas plot. The story may end here, but Whartons technical skill leads us to another trick to make the surprise to Alida complete. That is also her complete failure: Barbara, a child born of Delphin and Graces love affair. Mrs. Slades well-assumed superiority over Mrs. Ansley is impossible for her to endure the paradox: her daughter Jenny is an angel, not as brilliant a girl as Ansleys Barbara. Mrs. Slades greatest mistake is to write a letter ton Ansley. Only an escape literature story, it is made interesting and attractive with a simple plot. The plot and characters move by themselves without the authors intervention. The structure of...

About the Extension of University Education Act, 1959

About the Extension of University Education Act, 1959 The Extension of University Education Act, no. 45 of 1949, segregated South African universities by both race and ethnicity.  This meant that the law not only decreed that â€Å"white† universities were closed to black students, but also that the universities that were open to black students be segregated by ethnicity.  This meant that only Zulu students, for instance, were to attend the University of Zululand, while the University of the North, to take another example, was formerly restricted to Sotho students. The Act was another piece of Apartheid legislation, and it augmented the 1953 Bantu Education Act. The Extension of University Education Act was repealed by Tertiary Education Act of 1988. Protests and Resistance There was widespread protests against the Extension of Education Act. In Parliament, the United Party- the minority party under Apartheid- protested its passage. Many university professors also signed petitions protesting the new law and other racist legislation aimed at higher education. Non-white students also protested the act, issuing statements and marching against the Act. There was also international condemnation of the Act. Bantu Education and the Decline of Opportunity South African universities that taught in the Afrikaans languages had already limited their student bodies to white students, so the immediate impact was to prevent non-white students from attending the Universities of Cape Town, Witswatersrand, and Natal, which had formerly been comparatively open in their admissions. All three had multi-racial student bodies, but there were divisions within the colleges. The University of Natal, for instance, segregated its classes, while the University of Witswatersrand and University of Cape Town had color bars in place for social events. The Extension of Education Act closed these universities. There was also an impact on the education students received at universities that had previously been unofficially â€Å"non-white† institutions. The University of Fort Hare had long argued tat all students, regardless of color, deserved an equally excellent education, and it was an internationally prestigious university for African students. Nelson Mandela, Oliver Tambo, and Robert Mugabe were among its graduates, but after the passage of the Extension of University Education Act, the government took over the University of Fort Hare and designated it an institution for Xhosa students.  After that, the quality of education declined precipitously as these universities were forced to provide the purposely inferior Bantu Education. University Autonomy The most significant impacts were on non-white students, but the law also reduced the autonomy for South African universities by taking away their right to decide who to admit to their schools. The government also replaced University administrators with people who were seen as being more inline with Apartheid sentiments, and professors who protested the new legislation also lost their jobs.   Indirect Impacts The declining quality of education for non-whites, of course, had much broader implications. The training for non-white teachers, for instance, was distinctly inferior to that of white teachers, which impacted the education of non-white students. That said, there were so few non-white teachers with university degrees in Apartheid South Africa, that the quality of higher education was something of a moot point for secondary teachers. The lack of educational opportunities and of university autonomy also limited the educational possibilities and scholarship under Apartheid. Sources Mangcu, Xolela. Biko: A Life. (I.B. Tauris, 2014), 116-117. Cutton, Merle. â€Å"Natal University and the Question of Autonomy, 1959-1962.† Gandhi-Luthuli Documentation Centre. Bachelor of Arts Honors Thesis, Department of Natal, Durban, 1987. â€Å"History,† University of Fort Hare, (Accessed 31 January 2016)

Policing and the media (literature reveiw) Research Paper

Policing and the media (literature reveiw) - Research Paper Example mating the psychological and sociological effects of TV on a person’s make-up in spite of the countless studies that have already been conducted (Oskamp 1984). Along with the continuous growth of viewership is the continuous effort of studios to come up with new concepts and new format that would keep the interest of the viewing public. The range has naturally expanded to deal with issues and subjects considered to be critical such as science and law enforcement. With the level of the public’s exposure to TV, it is inevitable for these shows to influence the image formation of law enforcement. Although never intended for education, television has influenced how viewers perceive reality in relation to the subject of the shows they watch (Altheide 1985; Gerbner and Gross 1976; Gerbner 1993). Considering that majority of the viewers have had very limited direct interaction with law enforcement, many have relied, however unconsciously, on television to learn about laws, their rights, obligations of the police, and the dynamics between the uniformed and the civilians (Surette 1992). This kind of causation is indirectly contributing to the regression of the roles of family and school as the authority on the lives of young people (Giddens 1981; Laywood 1985). Even when shows like Dexter, a serial killer/law enforcement employee, show crime being freely committed, there is an effort to portray the evil of a crime by making Dexter kill only those that are considered menace to the society. Other shows are more explicit in their effort to portray how law enforcement always prevails over crimes (Carlson 1985). Much as it may help boost the image of law enforcement, there is also the possibility of making the public believe that law enforcement is capable of more than it can actually accomplish. A study was conducted in 2008 by Monica Robbers that attested to how TV shows is causing people to expect from law enforcement the same proficiency that is being portrayed by